Which condition can lead to cavitation in a propeller?

Cavitation in a propeller typically occurs when there is a drop in pressure that causes vapor bubbles to form and then collapse violently, potentially damaging the propeller and reducing its efficiency. One primary condition that can lead to this phenomenon is related to the angle or tilt of the propeller.

When the propeller is tilted excessively, it can alter the flow of water over and around the blades. This improper angle can create areas of low pressure in front of the blades as they rotate. At high speeds, this tilt can exacerbate the pressure drop, resulting in the formation of vapor bubbles — a key indicator of cavitation. Adjusting the propeller's tilt to ensure it is operating within the optimal range is crucial in maintaining efficient operation and avoiding cavitation.

In contrast, while high speed operation can also induce cavitation, it does not directly relate to a mechanical condition like excessive tilt. Low rotation speed typically does not contribute to cavitation, as there is often not enough force to create the low-pressure zones necessary for bubble formation. Insufficient lubrication focuses on internal engine components rather than fluid dynamics around the propeller.